Amfani da faranti na yumbu ya samo asali ne tun 1918, bayan ƙarshen yakin duniya na ɗaya, lokacin da Kanar Newell Monroe Hopkins ya gano cewa sanya sulke na karfe tare da yumbu mai walƙiya zai inganta kariya sosai.
Kodayake an gano kaddarorin kayan yumbura da wuri, ba a daɗe ba kafin a yi amfani da su don dalilai na soja.
Kasashe na farko da suka yi amfani da sulke na yumbu su ne Tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, kuma sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da shi sosai a lokacin yakin Vietnam, amma sulke kawai ya fito a matsayin kayan kariya na sirri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda tsadar wuri da matsalolin fasaha.
A zahiri, an yi amfani da yumbura alumina a cikin sulke na jiki a cikin Burtaniya a cikin 1980, kuma sojojin Amurka da yawa sun samar da “kwargin toshe jirgin” SAPI na farko a cikin 1990s, wanda shine kayan kariya na juyin juya hali a wancan lokacin.Matsayin kariyar NIJIII na iya katse yawancin harsasai da ka iya yin barazana ga sojojin na kasa, amma har yanzu sojojin Amurka ba su gamsu da hakan ba.An haifi ESAPI.
ESAPI
A lokacin, kariyar ESAPI ba ta wuce gona da iri ba, kuma matakin na NIJIV ya sa ta yi fice wajen ceto rayukan sojoji da ba su iya adadi.Yadda yake yin hakan tabbas ba shi da hankali sosai.
Don fahimtar yadda ESAPI ke aiki, muna buƙatar fara fahimtar tsarinta.Yawancin sulke na yumbu kayan aiki ne na tsarin yumbu manufa + ƙarfe/maƙasudin baya, kuma ESAPI na sojojin Amurka kuma suna amfani da wannan tsarin.
Maimakon yin amfani da yumbun silikon carbide wanda ke aiki kuma shine "tattalin arziki", Sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da yumbun carbide mafi tsada don ESAPI.A cikin jirgin baya, sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da UHMW-PE, wanda kuma yana da tsada sosai a lokacin.Farashin farkon UHMW-PE har ma ya zarce na BORON carbide.
Lura: saboda tsari daban-daban da tsari, kevlar kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman farantin tallafi ta sojojin Amurka.
Nau'o'in yumbu masu hana harsashi:
Tukwane mai hana harsashi, wanda kuma aka sani da tukwane na tsari, suna da tauri mai girma, halaye masu girma, galibi ana amfani da su don lalata ƙarfe, kamar ƙwallon yumbu na niƙa, shugaban kayan aikin yumbu mai niƙa…….A cikin hadaddiyar sulke, yumbu sau da yawa suna taka rawar "hallakar da kai".Akwai nau'o'in yumbu iri-iri a cikin sulke na jiki, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su sune alumina ceramics (AI²O³), silicon carbide ceramics (SiC), boron carbide ceramics (B4C).
Siffofinsu daban-daban sune:
Alumina yumbura suna da mafi girman ƙima, amma taurin yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, matakin sarrafawa ya ragu, farashin yana da rahusa.Masana'antu suna da tsabta daban-daban sun kasu kashi -85/90/95/99 alumina ceramics, lakabinsa shine mafi girman tsarki, taurin da farashi ya fi girma.
Silicon carbide density ne matsakaici, guda taurin ne in mun gwada da matsakaici, nasa ne da tsarin na kudin-tasiri tukwane, don haka mafi yawan gida sulke sulke abun da ke ciki za su yi amfani da silicon carbide tukwane.
Boron carbide yumbu a cikin irin wannan nau'in yumbu mafi ƙanƙanta, mafi girman ƙarfi, da fasahar sarrafa shi ma yana da matuƙar buƙatu, yawan zafin jiki da matsi mai ƙarfi, don haka farashin sa kuma shine mafi tsadar yumbu.
Ɗaukar NIJ grade ⅲ farantin a matsayin misali, ko da yake nauyin alumina yumbu saka farantin ne 200g ~ 300g fiye da silicon carbide yumbu saka farantin, da 400g ~ 500g fiye da boron carbide yumbu saka farantin.Amma farashin shine 1/2 na silicon carbide yumbu saka farantin karfe da 1/6 na boron carbide yumbu saka faranti, don haka farantin yumbu na alumina yana da mafi girman aikin farashi kuma yana cikin manyan samfuran kasuwa.
Idan aka kwatanta da farantin karfen harsashi, farantin abin haɗe-haɗe/ yumbura yana da fa'ida mara misaltuwa!
Da farko dai, sulke na karfe yana bugun sulke mai kama da karfe ta hanyar majigi.Kusa da iyakar saurin shigar, yanayin gazawar farantin da aka yi niyya shine galibin magudanar ruwa da slugs, kuma yawan kuzarin kuzarin motsa jiki ya dogara ne akan aikin shear da nakasar filastik da slugs ke haifarwa.
Ingancin amfani da makamashin sulke na yumbu ya fi na sulke mai kama da karfe.
An raba martanin manufa ta yumbu zuwa matakai biyar
1: An karye rufin harsashi kanana, kuma murƙushe saman yaƙin yana ƙara yanki na aikin da aka yi niyya, don watsar da kaya akan farantin yumbu.
2: fashe suna bayyana a saman yumbura a cikin yanki mai tasiri, kuma suna shimfiɗa waje daga yankin tasiri.
3: The karfi filin tare da tasiri yankin matsawa kalaman gaba a cikin ciki na yumbu, don haka da yumbu karya, da foda generated daga tasiri yankin a kusa da projectile tashi fita.
4: raguwa a bayan yumbura, ban da wasu radial radial, raguwa da aka rarraba a cikin mazugi, lalacewa zai faru a cikin mazugi.
5: yumbu a cikin mazugi ya karye cikin gutsuttsura ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa mai rikitarwa, lokacin da tasirin yumbu ya yi tasiri, yawancin kuzarin motsin motsi yana cinyewa a cikin lalata yanki na zagaye na mazugi, diamita ya dogara da kaddarorin inji da ma'aunin geometric. na kayan aikin projectile da yumbura.
Abin da ke sama shine kawai halayen amsawar sulke na yumbu a ƙananan matakan matsakaicin gudu.Wato, halayen amsawa na saurin tsinkaya ≤V50.Lokacin da madaidaicin gudu ya fi V50, majigi da yumbu suna lalatar da juna, suna haifar da yanki mai murmurewa inda duka makamai da jikin mai tsinke suke bayyana a matsayin ruwa.
Tasirin da aka samu ta hanyar jirgin baya yana da wuyar gaske, kuma tsarin yana da nau'i uku a cikin yanayi, tare da hulɗar tsakanin nau'i guda ɗaya da kuma fadin waɗannan filayen fiber na kusa.
A cikin sauki sharuddan, da danniya kalaman daga masana'anta kalaman zuwa guduro matrix sa'an nan zuwa kusa Layer, da iri kalaman dauki ga fiber intersection, sakamakon da watsawa da tasiri makamashi, kalaman yaduwa a cikin guduro matrix, da rabuwa da masana'anta Layer da ƙaura daga cikin masana'anta Layer ƙara ikon hadawa don sha makamashi motsi.Ƙaurawar da ke haifar da balaguron balaguro da yaduwa da rarrabuwa na yadudduka na masana'anta guda ɗaya na iya ɗaukar babban adadin kuzarin tasiri.
Don gwajin juriyar shigar shigar yumbu sulke, gwajin siminti gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, wato, bindigar iskar gas ana amfani da ita don aiwatar da gwajin shigar.
Me yasa Linry Armor ya sami fa'idar farashi a matsayin mai ƙera abubuwan saka harsashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan?Akwai manyan abubuwa guda biyu:
(1) Saboda buƙatun injiniya, akwai babban buƙatu na yumbun tsarin, don haka farashin yumbun tsarin ya yi ƙasa kaɗan [raba farashi].
(2) A matsayin masana'anta albarkatun kasa da kuma gama kayayyakin da ake sarrafa a namu masana'antu, domin mu iya samar da mafi ingancin kayayyakin da mafi m farashin ga shagunan hana harsashi da kuma daidaikun mutane.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba 18-2021